Which position reference system combination is appropriate for pipe laying activities in less than 350m depth?

The selection of the first combination—DGNSS, Acoustics (LBL), and Radar— is appropriate for pipe laying activities in less than 350 meters depth due to the specifics of each positioning system's capabilities and limitations.

DGNSS (Differential Global Navigation Satellite System) provides real-time positioning within a high level of accuracy, which is crucial for operations such as pipe laying where precise positioning is necessary. It functions effectively in shallower waters and general marine environments, which makes it suitable for the specified depth range.

Acoustic positioning systems, specifically LBL (Long BaseLine), are highly effective in underwater environments by using multiple acoustic transponders that allow for precise positioning of subsea activities. This system can provide more reliable positioning in deeper waters compared to other methods that may be less effective or degraded in such environments.

Radar systems contribute by enhancing surface positioning and aiding in collision avoidance, making them integral for operations involving large vessels, especially when there’s an interface with other marine traffic or infrastructure.

This combination leverages the strengths of each method: the global coverage and accuracy from DGNSS, the precision of LBL for underwater positioning, and radar's capabilities for surface awareness. Together, they create a robust and reliable system for the challenges